How to Reduce Indoor Air Pollution: Tips for a Healthier Home

Studies show that indoor air quality can be up to 5 times worse than the air outside. In fact, indoor air pollution claims 3.2 million lives globally each year. With rising concerns about air pollution worldwide, we focus on outdoor air quality, while indoor spaces often get overlooked. Unfortunately, it is a silent threat that many of us unknowingly battle daily. And it’s just as important to address indoor air pollution as it is to tackle outdoor smog and fumes.

In this article, we’ll break down everything you need to know about indoor air quality and share simple, effective ways to breathe better at home.

What Causes Indoor Air Pollution?

Let’s start by understanding the culprits that impact our indoor air quality. We know emissions from vehicles and factories are the primary causes of air pollution outdoors, but inside our homes, the situation is quite different. So, what’s polluting our indoor spaces?

• Cooking Smoke and Fumes
  Yes, a basic activity such as cooking can pollute the air inside our houses. Around 2.1 billion people worldwide still rely on fuels like wood, coal, and kerosene for cooking. They release harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter (PM) that not only worsen indoor air quality but also exacerbate climate change. In India, the reliance on polluting fuels amounts to over 40% of the households. Even in urban areas, poorly ventilated kitchens using gas stoves can contribute significantly to indoor pollution levels.
• Poor Ventilation 
  One of the most common causes of indoor air pollution is poor ventilation. Homes and buildings that are tightly sealed trap pollutants. And this increases the pollution concentration level over time. Plus, stagnant air also allows pollutants from everyday activities, such as cooking and cleaning, to accumulate, worsening indoor air quality. 
• Chemical-laden Products
  Ironically, the products we use to keep our houses clean and fresh usually do the opposite. Household cleaners, air fresheners, and synthetic paints often contain VOCs that can linger in the air and harm our lungs.
• Building Materials and Furnishings
  Additionally, the materials used in construction and interior furnishings can also be significant sources of indoor air pollution. Products like pressed wood, paints, and adhesives often contain VOCs, which are released over time, increasing pollution levels in households.
• Pollen and Pet Dander
  These natural allergens are often overlooked, but they are a significant cause of air pollution inside houses.

Air Pollution and India

India’s air pollution crisis has been in the spotlight for years—especially in Delhi, which is veiled in thick smog at the start of winter each year. While Delhi’s poor air quality makes headlines, we often forget that the same toxic particles enter homes through ventilation systems, windows, and even clothing. In fact, studies show that during smog peaks, indoor spaces in Delhi have PM2.5 levels far above the recommended safety limits. Shockingly, indoor air pollution levels in Delhi get 15% worse than that of outdoor in winter.

Why Indoor Air Pollution Matters

Simply because we spend about 90% of our time indoors. When we think of air quality, we picture traffic jams, smoky factories, or the notorious air pollution in Delhi. But indoor air quality is just as critical—if not more. As a matter of fact, indoor air pollution can cause headaches, fatigue, and respiratory issues. Over time, it may lead to chronic conditions like asthma or even cardiovascular diseases.

 

Indoor Air Pollution Stats

• Globally, 3.2 million people die because of increased air pollution levels in households.
• Over 6.5 million people die of stroke, and 12% of all these strokes are due to indoor air pollution.
• 11% of all lung cancer deaths occur because of poor indoor air quality.
• India ranks on the global list of countries with the highest indoor air pollution, with Delhi being one of the most affected.
• An estimated 0.4-0.5 million people in India lose their lives to indoor air pollution.

Tips to Improve Indoor Air Quality

Now that you know the severe effects of air pollution inside our houses, you realize just how important it is to take care of it. Thankfully, there’s plenty you can do to improve your home’s air quality. These tips are practical and eco-friendly, making your space healthier and greener. Here’s the part you’ve been waiting for!

1. Bring in the Green Brigade

Houseplants like snake plants, peace lilies, and areca palms act as natural air purifiers. They absorb toxins and release oxygen, improving air quality.

2. Ventilation is Key

Open your windows daily for a certain period of time (yes, even in winter!) to reduce the concentration of pollution. Additionally, exhaust fans in moisture-prone areas such as kitchens and bathrooms are a yes yes.

3. Invest in Air Purifiers

High-quality air purifiers with HEPA filters help remove airborne particles, including allergens and bacteria. Look for models that suit your room size and specific needs.

4. Ditch Toxic Cleaners

Switch to eco-friendly cleaning products. They are free from VOCs and synthetic fragrances. Besides, DIY options like vinegar and baking soda work wonders without compromising air quality.

5. Keep Dust in Check

Dust regularly using a damp cloth to prevent allergens from circulating. Don’t forget areas like ceiling fans, curtains, and vents!

6. Test for Radon

Radon, a carcinogenic radioactive gas, seeps indoors through drains, floor cracks, and other construction gaps. Using affordable and easy-to-use test kits helps keep your home safe from Radon.

7. Reduce Combustion Indoors

Avoid burning candles, incense sticks, or wood indoors. If you love the cozy vibe of candles, opt for soy or beeswax alternatives.

8. Use an Indoor Air Quality Monitor

Devices like the indoor air quality monitor track pollutants and humidity levels, helping you stay proactive about air quality.

9. Maintain Your HVAC System

Your HVAC system can be a breeding ground for pollutants. Cleaning or replacing the air filters regularly avoids circulating pollutants. Plus, maintaining your HVAC also keeps it efficient.

10. Keep Humidity Balanced

High humidity fosters mold growth, while low levels can cause respiratory issues. The recommended humidity levels ranges from 30-50%. Use high-quality dehumidifiers or humidifiers as needed. If you want to go natural, use an open bowl of boiled water or rock salt to increase or reduce humidity levels.

Taking the First Step

Reducing indoor air pollution is about making small but meaningful changes to your daily habits. From placing a houseplant in your living room to switching to natural cleaning products, every step you take contributes to better air and better health.

So, here’s your challenge: Take one action today to improve your indoor air quality. Start small and stay consistent.

Remember, the journey to clean air starts at home. So, take action today and breathe freely tomorrow!